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In music, timbre (/ ˈ t æ m b ər, ˈ t ɪ m-, ˈ t æ̃-/), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments.
The tabret or timbrel was a favorite instrument of the women, and was used with dances, as by Miriam, to accompany songs of victory, or with the harp at banquets and processions; it was one of the instruments used by King David and his musicians when he danced before the Ark of the Covenant.
Meyer lists melody, rhythm, timbre, harmony, "and the like" [12] as principal elements of music, while Narmour lists melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, tessitura, timbre, tempo, meter, texture, "and perhaps others". [13] According to McClellan, two things should be considered, the quality or state of an element and its change over time. [14]
Timbre is principally determined by two things: (1) the relative balance of overtones produced by a given instrument due its construction (e.g. shape, material), and (2) the envelope of the sound (including changes in the overtone structure over time). Timbre varies widely between different instruments, voices, and to lesser degree, between ...
The criteria for classifying musical instruments vary depending on the point of view, time, and place. The many various approaches examine aspects such as the physical properties of the instrument (shape, construction, material composition, physical state, etc.), the manner in which the instrument is played (plucked, bowed, etc.), the means by which the instrument produces sound, the quality ...
Players of wind instruments alter the tone simply by changing the pressure of their lips. One could argue that the act of choosing which instrument to play or write for is in itself timbre composition. Timbre composition is used in vocal techniques such as throat-singing where the main focus of the music is timbre as opposed to pitch.
During the same period, Hermann von Helmholtz theorized that timbre is part of what enables a listener to perceive melody. [2] In 1911, Arnold Schoenberg analyzed musical sound as consisting of pitch (höhe), timbre (farbe), and volume (stärke). He noted that pitch was the only element that had undergone close examination, but he viewed it as ...
On the clarinet, the notes from G4 or A4 to B ♭ 4 sometimes are regarded as a separate "throat register", even though both they and the notes from F ♯ 4 down are produced using the instrument's lowest normal mode. The timbre of the throat notes differs, and the throat register's fingerings also are distinctive, using special keys and not ...