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In music, timbre (/ ˈ t æ m b ər, ˈ t ɪ m-, ˈ t æ̃-/), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments.
Timbre, sometimes called "color", or "tone color," is the principal phenomenon that allows us to distinguish one instrument from another when both play at the same pitch and volume, a quality of a voice or instrument often described in terms like bright, dull, shrill, etc.
The tabret or timbrel was a favorite instrument of the women, and was used with dances, as by Miriam, to accompany songs of victory, or with the harp at banquets and processions; it was one of the instruments used by King David and his musicians when he danced before the Ark of the Covenant.
Additive synthesis is a sound synthesis technique that creates timbre by adding sine waves together. [1] [2]The timbre of musical instruments can be considered in the light of Fourier theory to consist of multiple harmonic or inharmonic partials or overtones.
Building on of Sethares (2004), [5] dynamic tonality introduces the notion of pseudo-harmonic partials, in which the frequency of each partial is aligned to match the pitch of a corresponding note in a pseudo-just tuning, thereby maximizing the consonance of that pseudo-harmonic timbre with notes of that pseudo-just tuning. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Meyer lists melody, rhythm, timbre, harmony, "and the like" [12] as principal elements of music, while Narmour lists melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, tessitura, timbre, tempo, meter, texture, "and perhaps others". [13] According to McClellan, two things should be considered, the quality or state of an element and its change over time. [14]
On the clarinet, the notes from G4 or A4 to B ♭ 4 sometimes are regarded as a separate "throat register", even though both they and the notes from F ♯ 4 down are produced using the instrument's lowest normal mode. The timbre of the throat notes differs, and the throat register's fingerings also are distinctive, using special keys and not ...
During the same period, Hermann von Helmholtz theorized that timbre is part of what enables a listener to perceive melody. [2] In 1911, Arnold Schoenberg analyzed musical sound as consisting of pitch (höhe), timbre (farbe), and volume (stärke). He noted that pitch was the only element that had undergone close examination, but he viewed it as ...