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The sacrum (pl.: sacra or sacrums [1]), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of the sacral vertebrae (S1–S5) between ages 18 and 30. [2] The sacrum situates at the upper, back part of the pelvic cavity, between the two wings of the pelvis. It forms joints with four other bones.
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
It is the space within the thecal sac which extends from below the end of the spinal cord (the conus medularis), typically at the level of the first to second lumbar vertebrae down to tapering of the dura at the level of the second sacral vertebra. The dura is pierced with a needle during a lumbar puncture (spinal tap).
The sacral nerves are the five pairs of spinal nerves which exit the sacrum at the lower end of the vertebral column. The roots of these nerves begin inside the vertebral column at the level of the L1 vertebra , where the cauda equina begins, and then descend into the sacrum.
The posterior layer is attached to the spinous processes of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and to the supraspinous ligament. [ 2 ] : 814–815 At sacral levels, the posterior layer attaches to the posterior superior iliac spines, and posterior iliac crest, fuses with the underlying erector spinae muscle aponeurosis, [ 2 ] : 814–815 and extends ...
The sacral spinal nerve 5 (S5) is a spinal nerve of the sacral segment. [1] It originates from the spinal column from below the 5th body of the sacrum. Sacrum, showing bodies in center. S5 supplies the coccygeus muscle.
The sacral spinal nerve 2 (S2) is a spinal nerve of the sacral segment. [1] It originates from the spinal column from below the 2nd body of the sacrum.
The four main divisions of the spinal column, from top to bottom: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. The lateral grey column (lateral column, lateral cornu, lateral horn of spinal cord, intermediolateral column) is one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord (which give the shape of a butterfly); the others being the anterior and posterior grey columns.
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