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Both the UK and German Dark Spread tables use a fuel efficiency factor of 35% for the coal conversion, and an energy conversion factor of 7.1 for converting tonnes/coal into MWh/electricity. In reality, each type of coal has a different energy value and each coal-fired plant has a different fuel efficiency, but 35% is accepted as a broad standard.
Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10 −6 metre).
Energy conversion efficiency depends on the usefulness of the output. All or part of the heat produced from burning a fuel may become rejected waste heat if, for example, work is the desired output from a thermodynamic cycle. Energy converter is an example of an energy transformation.
A simple cycle gas turbine achieves energy conversion efficiencies from 20 to 35%. [5] Typical coal-based power plants operating at steam pressures of 170 bar and 570 °C run at efficiency of 35 to 38%, [6] with state-of-the-art fossil fuel plants at 46% efficiency. [7] Combined-cycle systems can reach higher values.
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a quantity is expressed, typically through a multiplicative conversion factor that changes the unit without changing the quantity. This is also often loosely taken to include replacement of a quantity with a corresponding quantity that describes the same physical property.
This includes conversions of coal power plants to energy crops/biomass or waste [37] [38] [39] and conversions of natural gas power plants to biogas or hydrogen. [40] Conversions of coal powered power plants to waste-fired power plants have an extra benefit in that they can reduce landfilling. In addition, waste-fired power plants can be ...
The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat. [1] This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade.
A heat rate value of 2 kWh/kWh gives an efficiency factor of 50%. A heat rate value of 4 MJ/MJ gives an efficiency factor of 25%. For other units, make sure to use a corresponding conversion factor for the units. For example, if using Btu/kWh, use a conversion factor of 3,412 Btu per kWh to calculate the efficiency factor.