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Reelin's name comes from the abnormal reeling gait of reeler mice, [17] which were later found to have a deficiency of this brain protein and were homozygous for mutation of the RELN gene. The primary phenotype associated with loss of reelin function is a failure of neuronal positioning throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS).
The Disabled-1 (Dab1) gene encodes a key regulator of Reelin signaling. Reelin is a large glycoprotein secreted by neurons of the developing brain, particularly Cajal-Retzius cells. DAB1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain and during adult neurogenesis.
Through interactions with one of its ligands, reelin, ApoER2 plays an important role in embryonic neuronal migration and postnatal long-term potentiation. Another LDL family receptor, VLDLR, also interacts with reelin, and together these two receptors influence brain development and function. Decreased expression of ApoER2 is associated with ...
The reelin pathway, representing VLDLR’s role in the process. In addition to its role throughout the body, VLDLR has a unique role in the brain. It is a key component of the reelin pathway, which functions on one hand side in neuronal migration during the development of the brain, on the other hand in the retention of new memory traces in the ...
DAB1 is a regulator protein downstream of the reelin receptors. This protein is located inside cells residing in the ventricular zone, displaying highest concentrations in migrating pyramidal cells. When either reelin or DAB1 are inactivated in mice, the resulting phenotypes are the same. In this case, the neurons are unable to migrate properly ...
For some people, menopause symptoms can seriously disrupt their lives. But not all menopause supplements are effective — or safe — to manage those issues, experts warn. More traditional ...
Although chewing through your wires is a huge concern due to impacting your vehicle’s function and safety, there are plenty of other areas that can become damaged.
In one study, reeler mice were shown to have attenuated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, which was also reduced by a targeted disruption of reelin activity in wildtype mice. Reeler mice in the same study demonstrated a decrease in D1 and D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic function together with reduced numbers of D1\D2 receptors. [14]