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Jewish eschatology is the area of Jewish theology concerned with events that will happen in the end of days and related concepts. This includes the ingathering of the exiled diaspora, the coming of the Jewish Messiah, the afterlife, and the resurrection of the dead.
The Early Church of Jerusalem is considered to be the first community of early Christianity.It was formed in Jerusalem after the crucifixion of Jesus.It proclaimed to Jews and non-Jews the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the forgiveness of sins and Jesus' commandments to prepare for his return and the associated end of the world.
The resurrection of the dead is a core belief in the Mishnah which was assembled in the early centuries of the Christian era. [20] The belief in resurrection is expressed on all occasions in the Jewish liturgy; e.g., in the morning prayer Elohai Neshamah, in the Shemoneh 'Esreh and in the funeral services. [21]
They believed that he had been resurrected (belief in the resurrection of the dead in the Messianic Age was a core Pharisaic doctrine), and his resurrection provided the belief that he would soon return and fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the resurrection of the dead and the Last Judgment. [71]
These Jewish Christians, originally the central group in Christianity, generally holding the same beliefs except in their adherence to Jewish law, were not deemed heretical until the dominance of orthodoxy in the 4th century. [223] The Ebionites may have been a splinter group of Nazarenes, with disagreements over Christology and leadership ...
The soul is not immortal and there is no afterlife, and no rewards or penalties after death. It is a virtue to debate and dispute with philosophy teachers. [15] [17] The Sadducees did not believe in resurrection of the dead, but believed (contrary to the claim of Josephus) in the traditional Jewish concept of Sheol for those who had died. [18]
In Judaism, the idea of resurrection first emerges in the 3rd century BC Book of Watchers [63] and in the 2nd century BC Book of Daniel, [64] the later possibly as a belief in the resurrection of the soul alone, which was then developed by the Pharisees as a belief in bodily resurrection, an idea completely alien to the Greeks. [64]
Early Christianity emerged within Second Temple Judaism during the 1st century, the key difference between Judaism and Jewish Christianity being the Christian belief that Jesus was the resurrected Jewish Messiah. [75] Judaism is known to allow for multiple messianic figures, the two most relevant being Messiah ben Joseph and the Messiah ben ...