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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution, although only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity.
16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as childhood-onset obesity. [1] 16p11.2 deletion is estimated to account for approximately 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases. [3] [4]
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein, also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTO gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first messenger RNA (mRNA) demethylase that has been identified. [ 5 ]
Obesity BMI. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. BMI is a measurement of body fat based on a person’s height and weight. An ...
The fact that obesity afflicts more than 35% of American adults today defines the massive market. Obesity-drug makers Arena Pharmaceuticals , VIVUS , and Orexigen Therapeutics are three of the ...
Based on the immune system cells involved, both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in meta-inflammation. [8] There are different types of obesity depending on where fat cells are stored. Abdominal obesity, excess fat cell accumulation in adipose tissue of the abdomen, is associated more strongly with meta-inflammation. [9]
In a study that recorded 461 interactions with doctors, only 13 percent of patients got any specific plan for diet or exercise and only 5 percent got help arranging a follow-up visit. “It can be stressful when [patients] start asking a lot of specific questions” about diet and weight loss, one doctor told researchers in 2012.
Stress also induces secretion of both glucocorticoids, which increases motivation for food, and insulin. Pleasurable feeding then reduces activity in the stress-response network, reinforcing the feeding habit. [10] One study found that "higher work stress was associated with higher consumption of specific fatty foods among men but not women." [11]