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Language impairments create similar difficulties in communicating with others, but may also include difficulties in understanding what others are trying to say (receptive language). Because of the pervasive nature of language impairments, communicating, reading, writing, and academic success may all be compromised in these students.
Examples include specific language impairment, better defined as developmental language disorder, or DLD, and aphasia, among others. Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language, [1] and can also affect sign language; typically, all forms of language will be impaired.
Specific language impairment (SLI) (the term developmental language disorder is preferred by some) [1] is diagnosed when a child's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development, physical abnormality of the speech apparatus, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, acquired brain damage or hearing loss.
The following is a list of language disorders. A language disorder is a condition defined as a condition that limits or altogether stops natural speech . A language disorder may be neurological, physical, or psychological in origin.
Blindness – A link between communication skills and visual impairment with children who are blind is currently being investigated. [19] Deafness/frequent ear infections – Hearing impairments during language acquisition may lead to spoken language problems. Children with frequent ear infections may temporarily develop problems pronouncing ...
Together, these findings strongly suggest that language impairments are the result of an underlying neurological defect in an area of the brain related to language. Studies looking at long-term outcomes for individuals with specific language impairments such as expressive language disorder track these individuals from childhood to adulthood.
In the late 1990s, the term "pragmatic language impairment" (PLI) was proposed. [15] [16] Rapin and Allen's definition has been expanded and refined by therapists who include communication disorders that involve difficulty in understanding the meaning of words, grammar, syntax, prosody, eye gaze, body language, gestures, or social context.
More than 700,000 of the students served in the public schools' special education programs in the 2000–2001 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment. This estimate does not include children who have speech and language impairments secondary to other conditions such as deafness". [ 12 ]