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Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires, explosions and chemical accidents (such as toxic gas clouds) in process plants or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials, such as refineries and oil and gas (onshore and offshore) production installations ...
Process safety management (PSM) is a practice to manage business operations critical to process safety. It can be implemented using the established OSHA scheme [1] or others made available by the EPA, [2] AIChE's Center for Chemical Process Safety, [3] or the Energy Institute. [4] PSM schemes are organized in 'elements'.
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals is a regulation promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). [1] It defines and regulates a process safety management (PSM) program for plants using, storing, manufacturing, handling or carrying out on-site movement of hazardous materials above defined amount thresholds.
Permit-to-work adherence is essential in process safety management. Examples of high-risk jobs where a written permit-to-work procedure may need to be used include hot work (such as welding), confined space entry , cutting into pipes carrying hazardous substances (breaking containment), diving in the vicinity of intake openings, and work that ...
Protection through the use of safety layers. A process plant shutdown system is a functional safety countermeasure crucial in any hazardous process plant such as oil and gas production plants and oil refineries. The concept also applies to non-process facilities such as nuclear plants. These systems are used to protect people, assets, and the ...
The HAZOP technique was initially developed for systems involving the treatment of a fluid medium or other material flow in the process industries, where it is now a major element of process safety management. It was later expanded to the analysis of batch reactions and process plant operational procedures.
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IEC 61511 provides good engineering practices for the application of safety instrumented systems in the process sector. In the United States ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004 was issued in September 2004. It primarily mirrors IEC 61511 in content with the exception that it contains a grandfathering clause:
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