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Ampicillin-sulbactam only comes in a parenteral formulation to be either used as intravenous or intramuscular injections, and can be formulated for intravenous infusion. [2] [17] It is formulated in a 2:1 ratio of ampicillin:sulbactam. The commercial preparations available include: [17] 1.5 grams (1 gram ampicillin and 0.5 gram sulbactam)
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase , an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics . [ 1 ]
The inclusion of sulbactam extends ampicillin's spectrum of action to beta-lactamase producing strains of bacteria. [2] Oral sulbactam with the intravenous form provides a regimen of continuous sulbactam therapy throughout the treatment, resulting in better clinical results. [citation needed] It was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use ...
Pregnancy increases the clearance of ampicillin by up to 50%, and a higher dose is thus needed to reach therapeutic levels. [ 25 ] [ 27 ] Ampicillin crosses the placenta and remains in the amniotic fluid at 50–100% of the concentration in maternal plasma ; this can lead to high concentrations of ampicillin in the newborn.
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
occasionally penicillins including penicillin, ampicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulnate, and piperacillin-tazobactam (not all vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates are resistant to penicillin and ampicillin) occasionally doxycycline and minocycline
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Chorioamnionitis results from an infection caused by bacteria ascending from the vagina into the uterus and is associated with premature or prolonged labor. [3] It triggers an inflammatory response to release various inflammatory signaling molecules, leading to increased prostaglandin and metalloproteinase release.