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  2. Cardinal virtues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_virtues

    The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2]

  3. Stoicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism

    The Stoics identified the path to achieving it with a life spent practicing the four cardinal virtues in everyday life — prudence, fortitude, temperance, and justice — as well as living in accordance with nature. It was founded in the ancient Agora of Athens by Zeno of Citium around 300 BCE.

  4. Sophrosyne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophrosyne

    Sophrosyne (Ancient Greek: σωφροσύνη) is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron".

  5. Aristotelian ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics

    Rather than discussing only four "cardinal virtues" of Plato (courage, temperance, justice, and prudence), all three of the ethical works start with courage and temperance as the two typical moral virtues which can be described as a mean, go on to discuss a whole range of minor virtues and vices which can be described as a mean, and only after ...

  6. Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles...

    The Four Cardinal Principles are also referred to as the fundamental principles of conduct, or four social bonds. They are derived from the Legalist text Guanzi, attributed to the Qi philosopher Guan Zhong, although it is unlikely he was the actual author. The Four Cardinal Principles can be understood as the following:

  7. Virtue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue

    Cardinal and Theological Virtues a 1511 portrait by Raphael. A virtue (Latin: virtus) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual.. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of be

  8. Seven virtues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_virtues

    The seven capital virtues or seven lively virtues (also known as the contrary or remedial virtues) [8] are those thought to stand in opposition to the seven capital vices (or deadly sins). Prudentius, writing in the 5th century, was the first author to allegorically represent Christian morality as a struggle between seven sins and seven virtues.

  9. Personification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification

    In the arts, many things are commonly personified, including: places, especially cities, countries, and continents; elements of the natural world, such as trees, the four seasons, the "four elements", [2] the four cardinal winds, and the five senses; [3] moral abstractions, especially the four cardinal virtues and seven deadly sins; [4] the ...