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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [8] [9] [10] is a retrovirus [11] that attacks the immune system.It is a preventable disease. [5] There is no vaccine or cure for HIV. It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. [5]
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage ...
AIDS denialists argue that AIDS does not exist or that AIDS is not caused by HIV; some of its proponents believe that AIDS is caused by lifestyle, including sexuality or drug use, and not by HIV. Both forms of AIDS denialism contradict scientific consensus. The evidence that HIV causes AIDS is generally considered conclusive among pathologists ...
The management of HIV/AIDS typically involves the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs. In many parts of the world, HIV has become a chronic condition, with progression to AIDS increasingly rare. HIV latency and the resulting viral reservoir in CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages is the main barrier to eradication of the virus. [19 ...
This is a timeline of HIV/AIDS, including but not limited to cases before 1980. Pre-1980s See also: Timeline of early HIV/AIDS cases Researchers estimate that some time in the early 20th century, a form of Simian immunodeficiency virus found in chimpanzees (SIVcpz) first entered humans in Central Africa and began circulating in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) by the 1920s. This gave rise ...
[4] [5] [6] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2023, HIV/AIDS had killed approximately 40.4 million people, and approximately 39 million people were infected with HIV globally. [4] Of these, 29.8 million people (75%) are receiving antiretroviral treatment. [4] There were about 630,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2022. [4]
HIV/AIDS can be transmitted sexually, via contaminated needles or blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breast-feeding.
HIV-1 group M (responsible for the global pandemic) is estimated to have emerged in humans around 1920 near Kinshasa, then part of the Belgian Congo.This estimation was the result of time-scaled evolutionary models being applied to modern samples and retrieved early samples of HIV-1 (M).