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  2. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.

  3. List of aqueous ions by element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by...

    When a salt of a metal ion, with the generic formula MX n, is dissolved in water, it will dissociate into a cation and anions. [citation needed]+ + (aq) signifies that the ion is aquated, with cations having a chemical formula [M(H 2 O) p] q+ and anions whose state of aquation is generally unknown.

  4. Metal aquo complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_aquo_complex

    Structure of an octahedral metal aquo complex. Chromium(II) ion in aqueous solution. Most aquo complexes are mono-nuclear, with the general formula [M(H 2 O) 6] n+, with n = 2 or 3; they have an octahedral structure. The water molecules function as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the metal ion and forming a dative covalent bond ...

  5. Template:List of oxidation states of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_oxidation...

    This table lists only the occurrences in compounds and complexes, ... oxygen: O −2: −1 0 +1 +2 16 ... and systematically in the table ...

  6. Oxonium ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxonium_ion

    Oxygen is usually pyramidal with an sp 3 hybridization. Those with n = 1 are called primary oxonium ions, an example being protonated alcohol (e.g. methanol ). In acidic media, the oxonium functional group produced by protonating an alcohol can be a leaving group in the E2 elimination reaction.

  7. Solubility chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_chart

    The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.

  8. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    Ions in aqueous solution tend to orient the surrounding water molecules, which orders the solution and decreases the entropy. The contribution of an ion to the entropy is the partial molar entropy which is often negative, especially for small or highly charged ions. [ 57 ]

  9. Spectrochemical series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrochemical_series

    A spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ordered by ligand "strength", and a list of metal ions based on oxidation number, group and element.For a metal ion, the ligands modify the difference in energy Δ between the d orbitals, called the ligand-field splitting parameter in ligand field theory, or the crystal-field splitting parameter in crystal field theory.