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Permanent kidney damage can occur from prolonged hydronephrosis secondary to compression of kidney tissue and ischemia. [4] For example, unilateral hydronephrosis caused by an obstructing stone will likely resolve when the stone passes, and the likelihood of recovery is excellent.
The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels. In the normal kidney, the urinary collecting system in the renal sinus is not visible, but it creates a heteroechoic appearance with the interposed fat and vessels.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within seven days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
Sarcoidosis: This disease does not usually affect the kidney but, on occasions, the accumulation of inflammatory granulomas (collection of immune cells) in the glomeruli can lead to nephrotic syndrome. Syphilis: kidney damage can occur during the secondary stage of this disease (between 2 and 8 weeks from onset).
Ultrasound imaging can give information on the shape of the bladder, post-void residual volume, and evidence of kidney damage such as kidney size, thickness or ureteral dilation. [9] Trabeculated bladder on ultrasound indicates high risk of developing urinary tract abnormalities such as hydronephrosis and stones. [10]
Transplant kidney biopsy is performed in the following circumstances: For surveillance of hidden disease involving the transplant kidney, so-called protocol renal biopsy undertaken at fixed intervals post-transplantation. When the transplant kidney is not working as well as expected, or when there is a deterioration in function. In these ...
Damage from oxygen radicals, inflammatory cells and molecules, edema, and other mechanisms mean that when oxygen flow is restored to the tissue, it can cause further damage to the kidney, potentially worsening prognosis. Despite this risk, the return of blood flow to the tissue is necessary for its survival, so clinical strategies focus on ...