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Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II.
A case that focused on Japanese Americans who were denied citizenship and forced to move is the case of Korematsu v. United States. Fred Korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp for Japanese Americans. He was arrested and convicted. After losing in the Court of Appeals, he appealed to the ...
Korematsu v. United States: 323 U.S. 214 (1944) Japanese Internment camps: Ex parte Endo: 323 U.S. 283 (1944) Japanese-American internment and loyalty, decided same day as Korematsu: United States v. Willow River Power Co. 324 U.S. 499 (1945) nature of property rights which constitute a compensable taking: Cramer v. United States: 325 U.S. 1 (1945)
"It's sort of a pyrrhic victory," said Supreme Court historian Peter Irons, who organized an effort to persuade the court to overrule Korematsu in 2013. "We really do appreciate the court's action ...
In 1988, the United States federal government officially apologized for its discriminatory wartime actions and granted reparations to all those who were being interned. In 1998, Korematsu received from President Bill Clinton the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award. [4]
As applied in Korematsu v. United States, which upheld the race-based exclusion order and internment during World War II of Japanese Americans who had resided on the West Coast of the United States, strict scrutiny was limited to instances of de jure discrimination, where a racial classification is written into the language of a statute.
In a 6–3 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Korematsu's conviction in Korematsu v. United States in December of that year. [10] Nearly four decades later, in November 1983, the U.S. District Court in San Francisco formally granted the writ of coram nobis and vacated the conviction. [11]
The Supreme Court established the judicial precedent for suspect classifications in the cases of Hirabayashi v.United States [5] and Korematsu v. United States. [6] The Supreme Court recognizes race, national origin, and religion as suspect classes; it therefore analyzes any government action that discriminates against these classes under strict scrutiny.