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  2. Proto-Indo-Europeans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans

    However, Aryan more properly applies to the Indo-Iranians, the Indo-European branch that settled parts of the Middle East and South Asia, as only Indic and Iranian languages explicitly affirm the term as a self-designation referring to the entirety of their people, whereas the same Proto-Indo-European root (*aryo-) is the basis for Greek and ...

  3. Indo-European migrations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_migrations

    The Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses are tentative identifications of the Urheimat, or primary homeland, of the hypothetical Proto-Indo-European language. Such identifications attempt to be consistent with the glottochronology of the language tree and with the archaeology of those places and times. Identifications are made on the basis ...

  4. Proto-Indo-European society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_society

    The Proto-Indo-European expansionist kinship system was likely supported by both marital exogamy (the inclusion of foreign women through marriage) and the exchange of foster children with other families and clans, as suggested by genetic evidence and later attestations from Indo-European-speaking groups.

  5. Proto-Indo-European homeland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_homeland

    The Proto-Indo-European homeland was the prehistoric linguistic homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). From this region, its speakers migrated east and west, and formed the proto-communities of the different branches of the Indo-European language family.

  6. Kurgan hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis

    The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory, Kurgan model, or steppe theory) is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia.

  7. Anatolian hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolian_hypothesis

    On lexico-cultural dating, Proto-Indo-European cannot be earlier than 4000 BC. [14] According to Anthony and Ringe (2015) the main objection to the Anatolian hypothesis is that it requires an unrealistically early date. Most estimates date Proto-Indo-European between 4500 and 2500 BC, with the most probable date around 3700 BC.

  8. Indo-European studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_studies

    The Indo-European proto-language as described in the early 1900s in its main aspects is still accepted today, and the work done in the 20th century has been cleaning up and systematizing, as well as the incorporation of new language material, notably the Anatolian and Tocharian branches unknown in the 19th century, into the Indo-European framework.

  9. Indo-European s-mobile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_s-mobile

    The Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg-, 'to cover', has descendants English thatch (from Old English þeccan), German decken 'to cover', Latin tegō 'I cover', but Greek stégō and Russian stog. Sometimes subsequent developments can treat the forms with and without the s-mobile quite differently.