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The Albigensian Crusade (French: Croisade des albigeois), also known as the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229), was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political aspect.
Catharism (/ ˈ k æ θ ər ɪ z əm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized: katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3]
A heresy that arose in the 2nd century AD. Marcionists believed that the God of the Old Testament was a different god from the God of the New Testament. [7] Monarchianism: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism: A heresy that taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were all the same being.
1539–1569 Great Bible, by Thomas Cromwell, 1st English Bible to be authorized for public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last Tyndale's NT of 1534–1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew OT, Latin Bible of Erasmus, and Complutensian Polyglot, last edition 1569, never denounced by England
It was a decade-long struggle that had as much to do with the concerns of northern France to extend its control southwards as it did with heresy. In the end, both the Cathars and the independence of southern France were exterminated. After a papal legate was murdered by the Cathars in 1208, Pope Innocent III declared the Albigensian Crusade. [5]
In 1215, the Fourth Lateran Council gave the Albigensian Crusade, between 1209 and 1229, equivalence with the Eastern crusades. This crusade was supported by developments such as the creation of the Papal States , the aim to make the crusade indulgence available to the laity, the reconfiguration of Christian society, and ecclesiastical taxation.
His son Amaury de Montfort continues the Albigensian Crusade with little success. [152] 1 August. Honorius III proclaims a new Albigensian Crusade. [167] 24 August. The siege engines of Oliver of Paderborn breach the main tower of Damietta which is taken is taken the next day. [166] 31 August. Al-Adil I dies and Al-Kamil becomes Ayyubid sultan ...
The inquisitions in combination with the Albigensian Crusade were fairly successful in ending heresy. 12th-century France witnessed the widespread growth of Catharism, a dualistic belief in extreme asceticism which taught that all matter was evil, accepted suicide and denied the value of Church sacraments.