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Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure to treat nerve root or spinal cord compression by decompressing the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cervical spine with a discectomy, followed by inter-vertebral fusion to stabilize the corresponding vertebrae. [1]
Total disc replacement (TDR), or artificial disc replacement (ADR), is a type of arthroplasty in which degenerated intervertebral discs in the vertebral column are replaced with artificial disc implants in the lumbar (lower) or cervical (upper) spine.
Cervical spinal stenosis is one of the most common forms of spinal stenosis, along with lumbar spinal stenosis (which occurs at the level of the lower back instead of the neck). Thoracic spinal stenosis, at the level of the mid-back, is much less common. [2] Cervical spinal stenosis can be far more dangerous by compressing the spinal cord.
X-ray of interbody fusion cage in cervical vertebrae, Juliet system. X-ray of interbody fusion cage in L5S1 vertebrae. An interbody fusion cage (colloquially known as a "spine cage") is a prosthesis used in spinal fusion procedures to maintain foraminal height and decompression. They are cylindrical or square-shaped devices, and usually threaded.
From October 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Ellen J. Kullman joined the board, and sold them when she left, you would have a 19.2 percent return on your investment, compared to a 22.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
The so-called "murder hornet" has been eradicated from the United States, five years after the invasive species was first discovered in Washington state, officials declared Wednesday. There have ...
Office 2010 is the first version of Office to ship in a 64-bit version. [22] [23] It is also the first version to require volume license product activation. [24] [25] Office 2010 is compatible with Windows XP SP3 and Windows Server 2003 SP2 through Windows 10 v1809 and Windows Server 2016.