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When the protein host is an enzyme, the guests are called substrates. While these concepts are well established in biological systems, the applications of synthetic host-guest chemistry remains mostly in the realm of aspiration. One major exception, being zeolites where host-guest chemistry is their raison d'etre.
Static molecular recognition is likened to the interaction between a key and a keyhole; it is a 1:1 type complexation reaction between a host molecule and a guest molecule to form a host–guest complex. To achieve advanced static molecular recognition, it is necessary to make recognition sites that are specific for guest molecules.
Molecular tweezers, and molecular clips, are host molecules with open cavities capable of binding guest molecules. [3] The open cavity of the molecular tweezers may bind guests using non-covalent bonding, which includes hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, π–π interactions, and/or electrostatic ...
Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 – June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity." They were the founders of the field of host–guest chemistry.
Coordination cages are used to study guest-guest and host–guest interactions and reactions. In some instance, planar aromatic molecules stack inside of metalloprisms, as can be observed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Metal-metal interactions can also be observed. [15] Mixed valence species have also been trapped inside of coordination cages. [15]
Lehn was an early innovator in the field of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., the chemistry of host–guest molecular assemblies created by intermolecular interactions, and continues to innovate in this field. He described the process by which molecules recognize each other.
In chemistry, a cavitand is a container-shaped molecule. [2] The cavity of the cavitand allows it to engage in host–guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins , calixarenes , pillararenes and cucurbiturils . [ 3 ]
Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) is able to incorporate small guest molecules forming a host–guest complex. The interactions required for complex formation are donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding, their strength is highly dependent on the ability of the donor to provide π-electron density. Also an enlargement of the π-system ...