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A universal hashing scheme is a randomized algorithm that selects a hash function h among a family of such functions, in such a way that the probability of a collision of any two distinct keys is 1/m, where m is the number of distinct hash values desired—independently of the two keys. Universal hashing ensures (in a probabilistic sense) that ...
The hash function in Java, used by HashMap and HashSet, is provided by the Object.hashCode() method. Since every class in Java inherits from Object, every object has a hash function. A class can override the default implementation of hashCode() to provide a custom hash function more in accordance with the properties of the object.
Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling function RIPEMD: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-128: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-160: 160 bits hash RIPEMD-256: 256 bits hash RIPEMD-320: 320 bits hash SHA-1: 160 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-224: 224 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-256: 256 bits ...
[6] Estébanez et al. list the "most important" NCHFs: [7] The Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV) was created by Glenn Fowler and Phong Vo in 1991 with contributions from Landon Curt Noll. FNV with its two variants, FNV-1 and FNV-1a, is very widely used in Linux, FreeBSD OSes, DNS servers, NFS, Twitter, PlayStation 2, and Xbox, among others.
The sponge construction for hash functions. P i are blocks of the input string, Z i are hashed output blocks. In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any length and produce an output bit stream of any desired length. Sponge functions ...
Furthermore, a deterministic hash function does not allow for rehashing: sometimes the input data turns out to be bad for the hash function (e.g. there are too many collisions), so one would like to change the hash function. The solution to these problems is to pick a function randomly from a family of hash functions.
Here the index can be computed as some range of bits of the hash function. On the other hand, some hashing algorithms prefer to have the size be a prime number. [18] For open addressing schemes, the hash function should also avoid clustering, the mapping of two or more keys to consecutive slots. Such clustering may cause the lookup cost to ...
A rolling hash (also known as recursive hashing or rolling checksum) is a hash function where the input is hashed in a window that moves through the input.. A few hash functions allow a rolling hash to be computed very quickly—the new hash value is rapidly calculated given only the old hash value, the old value removed from the window, and the new value added to the window—similar to the ...