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Thus, when iterating through it, a map object returns keys in order of insertion. The following demonstrates enumeration using a for-loop: // loop through the collection and display each entry. for ( const [ name , number ] of phoneBook ) { console . log ( `Phone number for ${ name } is ${ number } ` ); }
The loop calls the Iterator::next method on the iterator before executing the loop body. If Iterator::next returns Some(_), the value inside is assigned to the pattern and the loop body is executed; if it returns None, the loop is terminated.
Therefore, compilers will attempt to transform the first form into the second; this type of optimization is known as map fusion and is the functional analog of loop fusion. [2] Map functions can be and often are defined in terms of a fold such as foldr, which means one can do a map-fold fusion: foldr f z . map g is equivalent to foldr (f .
For unordered access as defined in the java.util.Map interface, the java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap implements java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap. [2] The mechanism is a hash access to a hash table with lists of entries, each entry holding a key, a value, the hash, and a next reference.
This is the case for tree-based implementations, one representative being the <map> container of C++. [16] The order of enumeration is key-independent and is instead based on the order of insertion. This is the case for the "ordered dictionary" in .NET Framework, the LinkedHashMap of Java and Python. [17] [18] [19] The latter is more common.
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Some object-oriented languages such as C#, C++ (later versions), Delphi (later versions), Go, Java (later versions), Lua, Perl, Python, Ruby provide an intrinsic way of iterating through the elements of a collection without an explicit iterator. An iterator object may exist, but is not represented in the source code. [4] [6]
A block is a grouping of code that is treated collectively. Many block syntaxes can consist of any number of items (statements, expressions or other units of code) – including one or zero.