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Ï, lowercase ï, is a symbol used in various languages written with the Latin alphabet; it can be read as the letter I with diaeresis, I-umlaut or I-trema.. Initially in French and also in Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Galician, Southern Sami, Welsh, and occasionally English, ï is used when i follows another vowel and indicates hiatus in the pronunciation of such a word.
Reversed S (=Tone two) A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its second tone, cf. Cyrillic: Ꙅ ꙅ ꜱ Small capital S Medievalist addition [9] Ꟗ ꟗ Middle Scots s Used in Middle Scots [30] Ꟙ ꟙ Sigmoid S Palaeographic addition [31] Ʃ ʃ ᶴ Esh IPA /ʃ/ Ewe language; cf. Greek: Σ σ,ς ꭍ Baseline Esh ...
Although it is considered to be a spelling error, a period is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: des.har, in.hèrn, which is the case for French keyboard layout. In modern editions of Old Occitan texts, the apostrophe and interpunct are used to denote certain elisions that were not originally marked.
Ÿ occurs in French as a variant of ï in a few proper nouns, as in the name of the Parisian suburb of L'Haÿ-les-Roses [la.i le ʁoz] and in the surname of the house of Croÿ [kʁu.i]. In some names, a diaeresis is used to indicate two vowels historically in hiatus, although the second vowel has since fallen silent, as in Saint-Saëns ...
Komi and Udmurt use Ӧ (a Cyrillic O with two dots) for [ə]. The Swedish , Finnish and Estonian languages use Ä and Ö to represent [æ] and [ø] In the languages of J.R.R. Tolkien 's Middle-Earth novels, a diaeresis is used to separate vowels belonging to different syllables (e.g. in Eärendil ) and on final e to mark it as not a schwa or ...
Abbreviations by contraction have one or more middle letters omitted. They were often represented with a general mark of abbreviation (above), such as a line above. They can be divided into two subtypes: pure: keeps only the first (one or more) and last (one or more) letters but not intermediate letters. Special cases arise when a contraction ...
two dots: two overdots ( ̈) are used for umlaut, diaeresis and others; (for example ö) two underdots ( ̤) are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the ALA-LC romanization system ː – triangular colon, used in the IPA to mark long vowels (the "dots" are triangular, not circular). curves ̆ – breve; for example ŏ
The tittle is an integral part of these glyphs, but diacritic dots can appear over other letters in various languages. In most languages, the tittle of i or j is omitted when a diacritic is placed in the tittle's usual position (as í or ĵ), but not when the diacritic appears elsewhere (as į, ɉ).