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The HEVC standard defines thirteen levels. [1] [2] A level is a set of constraints for a bitstream.[1] [2] For levels below level 4 only the Main tier is allowed.[1] [2] A decoder that conforms to a given tier/level is required to be capable of decoding all bitstreams that are encoded for that tier/level and for all lower tiers/levels.
Variable bitrate (VBR) and; Constant bitrate (CBR). Variable bitrate (VBR) is a strategy to maximize the visual video quality and minimize the bitrate. On fast-motion scenes, a variable bitrate uses more bits than it does on slow-motion scenes of similar duration, yet achieves a consistent visual quality.
The video sequences were encoded using the HM-12.1 HEVC encoder and the JM-18.5 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder. The comparison used a range of resolutions and the average bit rate reduction for HEVC was 59%. The average bit rate reduction for HEVC was 52% for 480p, 56% for 720p, 62% for 1080p, and 64% for 4K UHD. [127]
[53] [54] YouTube developed its own chip, called "Argos", to help with encoding higher resolution videos in 2021. [55] In April 2023, YouTube began offering some videos in an enhanced bitrate "1080p Premium" option for YouTube Premium subscribers on iOS. [56] In August 2023, the feature became available to subscribers on desktop platforms. [57]
Uncompressed video is digital video that either has never been compressed or was generated by decompressing previously compressed digital video. It is commonly used by video cameras, video monitors, video recording devices (including general-purpose computers), and in video processors that perform functions such as image resizing, image rotation, deinterlacing, and text and graphics overlay.
These bit-rates are sufficient for 1080p video at 50 or 60 frames per second. [1] The initial 424M standard was published in 2006, with a revision published in 2012 (SMPTE ST 424:2012). [ 2 ] This standard is part of a family of standards that define a serial digital interface (SDI); it is commonly known as 3G-SDI .
It was concluded that libvpx and x265 were both capable of the claimed 50% bitrate improvement over H.264, but only at 10–20 times the encoding time of x264. [35] Judged by the objective quality metric VQM in early 2015, the VP9 reference encoder delivered video quality on par with the best HEVC implementations.
With the use of H.264, bit rate savings of 50% or more compared to MPEG-2 Part 2 are reported. For example, H.264 has been reported to give the same Digital Satellite TV quality as current MPEG-2 implementations with less than half the bitrate, with current MPEG-2 implementations working at around 3.5 Mbit/s and H.264 at only 1.5 Mbit/s. [ 33 ]