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Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), also known as 17p- syndrome, is a microdeletion syndrome characterized by an abnormality in the short (p) arm of chromosome 17. [1] It has features including intellectual disability, facial abnormalities, difficulty sleeping, and numerous behavioral problems such as self-harm.
Trisomy 16 is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. [1] It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy . [ 2 ]
In 15% of Turner syndrome patients, the structural abnormality is isochromosome X, which is composed of two copies of the q arm (i(Xq)). [1] [2] A majority of i(Xq) are created by U-type strand exchange. A breakage and reunion in the pericentric region of the p arm results in a dicentric isochromosome. [4]
Cat-eye syndrome (CES) or Schmid–Fraccaro syndrome is a rare condition caused by an abnormal extra chromosome, i.e. a small supernumerary marker chromosome. [2] This chromosome consists of the entire short arm and a small section of the long arm of chromosome 22.
Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a partial chromosome deletion on chromosome 5. [1] Its name is a French term ("cat-cry" or "call of the cat") referring to the characteristic cat-like cry of affected children (sound sample ). [2]
Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 15 spans about 99.7 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3% and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is a chromosome anomaly where a male has an extra X chromosome. [10] These complications commonly include infertility and small, poorly functioning testicles (if present).
There have been links made between HPV and vulvar cancer, though HPV most often causes cervical cancer. [87] Genital herpes is mostly asymptomatic but can present with small blisters that break open into ulcers. [88] HIV/AIDS is mostly transmitted through sexual activity, and the vulva in some cases can be affected by sores. [89]