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  2. BioBrick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioBrick

    The BioBrick parts are used by applying engineering principles of abstraction and modularization. BioBrick parts form the base of the hierarchical system on which synthetic biology is based. There are three levels to the hierarchy: Parts: Pieces of DNA that form a functional unit (for example promoter, RBS, etc.)

  3. Artificial gene synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis

    Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory.

  4. Assembly theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_theory

    Assembly theory conceptualizes objects not as point particles, but as entities defined by their possible formation histories. [ 5] This allows objects to show evidence of selection, within well-defined boundaries of individuals or selected units. [ 5] Combinatorial objects are important in chemistry, biology and technology, in which most ...

  5. Biological illustration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_illustration

    Biological illustration. Illustration from the book Histoire naturelle by Louis Renard, published in Amsterdam in 1754. Biological illustration is the use of technical illustration to visually communicate the structure and specific details of biological subjects of study. This can be used to demonstrate anatomy, explain biological functions or ...

  6. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    Genetics. In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.

  7. Microtubule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

    Microtubule and tubulin metrics [ 1] Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm [ 2] and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. [ 3] They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two ...

  8. Ribosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

    Ribosomes ( / ˈraɪbəzoʊm, - soʊm /) are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis ( messenger RNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ...

  9. Nucleosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome

    A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. The structure of a nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around eight histone proteins [ 1] and resembles thread wrapped around a spool. The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. Each nucleosome is composed of a little less than two turns of DNA ...