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Biological illustration. Illustration from the book Histoire naturelle by Louis Renard, published in Amsterdam in 1754. Biological illustration is the use of technical illustration to visually communicate the structure and specific details of biological subjects of study. This can be used to demonstrate anatomy, explain biological functions or ...
The BioBrick parts are used by applying engineering principles of abstraction and modularization. BioBrick parts form the base of the hierarchical system on which synthetic biology is based. There are three levels to the hierarchy: Parts: Pieces of DNA that form a functional unit (for example promoter, RBS, etc.)
Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory.
Assembly theory conceptualizes objects not as point particles, but as entities defined by their possible formation histories. [ 5] This allows objects to show evidence of selection, within well-defined boundaries of individuals or selected units. [ 5] Combinatorial objects are important in chemistry, biology and technology, in which most ...
Microtubule and tubulin metrics [ 1] Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm [ 2] and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. [ 3] They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two ...
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process ...
The Latin word flagellum means "whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion. The flagellum in archaea is called the archaellum to note its difference from the bacterial flagellum. [ 7][ 8] Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are identical in structure but have different lengths and functions. [ 9]
Focal adhesions are integrin-containing, multi-protein structures that form mechanical links between intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular substrate in many cell types. Focal adhesions are large, dynamic protein complexes through which the cytoskeleton of a cell connects to the ECM. They are limited to clearly defined ranges of the ...