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Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") [ 1][ 2] is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [ 3][ 4][ 5] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or ...
A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents through survey or statistical study. A research questionnaire is typically a mix of close-ended questions and open-ended questions. Open-ended, long-term questions offer the ...
This defines a point P = (x 1, x 2, x 3) in R 3. Consider the line L = {(r, r, r) : r ∈ R}. This is the "main diagonal" going through the origin. If our three given values were all equal, then the standard deviation would be zero and P would lie on L. So it is not unreasonable to assume that the standard deviation is related to the distance ...
Research. A research question is "a question that a research project sets out to answer". [ 1] Choosing a research question is an essential element of both quantitative and qualitative research. Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely.
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability. [ 1] Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.
Validity (statistics) Validity is the main extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world. [ 1][ 2] The word "valid" is derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong. The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool ...
Statistic. A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (or mean) of sample values is a statistic.
The mean for the trait may be nonrandom and determined by selection pressure, but the distribution of values around the mean reflects a normal statistical distribution. The population-genetic phenomenon studied by Galton is a special case of "regression to the mean"; the term is often used to describe many statistical phenomena in which data ...