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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. [4][5]: 145 Fisheye lenses achieve extremely wide angles of view, well beyond any rectilinear lens. Instead of producing images with straight lines of perspective (rectilinear images), fisheye lenses use ...
Fisheye lenses are wide-angle lenses with heavy barrel distortion and thus exhibit both these phenomena, so objects in the center of the image (if shot from a short distance) are particularly enlarged: even if the barrel distortion is corrected, the resulting image is still from a wide-angle lens, and will still have a wide-angle perspective.
A Luneburg lens (original German Lüneburg lens) is a spherically symmetric gradient-index lens. A typical Luneburg lens's refractive index n decreases radially from the center to the outer surface. They can be made for use with electromagnetic radiation from visible light to radio waves. For certain index profiles, the lens will form perfect ...
While there is no formal division between "wide-angle" and "panoramic" photography, "wide-angle" normally refers to a type of lens, but using this lens type does not necessarily make an image a panorama. An image made with an ultra wide-angle fisheye lens covering the normal film frame of 1:1.33 is not automatically considered to be a panorama.
Peleng 3.5/8A is an 8 mm super-wideangle circular fisheye photographic lens, and is designed as an interchangeable lens for Canon, Nikon, Pentax, Olympus digital or film cameras which have or do not have the instant-return diaphragm automatic control device [clarification needed]. The lens has a variable diaphragm from f/3.5 to f/16.
Fisheye lenses, typical focal lengths are between 8 mm and 10 mm for circular images, and 15–16 mm for full-frame images. Up to 180° and beyond. Up to 180° and beyond. A circular fisheye lens (as opposed to a full-frame fisheye) is an example of a lens where the angle of coverage is less than the angle of view.
The first widely-available fisheye lens for 35mm cameras was the Fisheye-Nikkor 8 mm f /8 from Nikon, released in 1962, which produced circular images similar to those popularized by the LIFE photographers; [71] that lens served as the "eye" of the HAL 9000 computer from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, [72] although scenes depicting HAL's point ...
Perspective distortion. Simulation showing how adjusting the angle of view of a camera, while varying the camera's distance and keeping the object in frame, results in vastly differing images. At narrow angles and long distances, light rays are nearly parallel, resulting in a "flattened" image. At wide angles and short distances, objects appear ...