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  2. Developmental toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_toxicity

    Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis , normal growth , differentiation , development or behavior.

  3. Early Life Stage test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Life_Stage_test

    An early life stage (ELS) test is a chronic toxicity test using sensitive early life stages like embryos or larvae to predict the effects of toxicants on organisms. [1] ELS tests were developed to be quicker and more cost-efficient than full life-cycle tests, taking on average 1–5 months to complete compared to 6–12 months for a life-cycle test.

  4. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD_Guidelines_for_the...

    Fish, Acute Toxicity Test 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test 206: Avian Reproduction Test 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test 209: Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation) 210: Fish, Early ...

  5. Acute to chronic ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_to_chronic_ratio

    Additionally, chronic toxicity tests tend to require significantly more attention and resources than acute tests which makes them much less feasible for basing decisions off of in a timely manner. The need for development of more advanced statistical methods, and uniformity in using these methods by regulators has been made apparent in literature.

  6. Teratology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology

    Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens.

  7. Toxicology testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology_testing

    U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.

  8. Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowest-observed-adverse...

    The lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL), or the lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (LOAEC), is the lowest concentration or amount of a substance found by experiment or observation that causes an adverse alteration of morphology, function, capacity, growth, development, or lifespan of a target organism distinguished from normal organisms of the same species under defined ...

  9. Environmental toxicants and fetal development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicants...

    Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is ...

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