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Lumbarization is an anomaly in the spine. It is defined by the nonfusion of the first and second segments of the sacrum. The lumbar spine subsequently appears to have six vertebrae or segments, not five. This sixth lumbar vertebra is known as a transitional vertebra. Conversely the sacrum appears to have only four segments instead of its ...
Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...
In human anatomy, arcuate foramen, also known as ponticulus posticus (Latin for "little posterior bridge") or Kimmerle's anomaly, [1] refers to a bony bridge on the atlas (C1 vertebra) that covers the groove for the vertebral artery.
The spine is severely distorted as well along with significant shortening due to marked lordosis. The vertebrae, especially cervical, are fused together in abnormal shapes and their numbers are reduced. The spinal cord is almost always defective while the ventricular system is often dilated and the cortex is thinned.
The spinal cord and its nerve roots are put back inside the spine and covered with meninges. In addition, a shunt may be surgically installed to provide a continuous drain for the excess cerebrospinal fluid produced in the brain, as happens with hydrocephalus. Shunts most commonly drain into the abdomen or chest wall. [citation needed]
The body is innervated by spinal nerves that branch off from the spinal cord. [18] This innervation enables the brain to receive sensory inputs and send motor outputs. There are 8 cervical spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system. Cervical spinal nerves C1, C2 and C3 help control the movements of the head and neck.
Congenital anomaly (birth defect), a disorder present at birth . Physical anomaly, a deformation of an anatomical structure . Congenital vertebral anomaly, any of several malformations of the spine
Understanding the distinction between simple and atypical sacral dimples is crucial for pediatric practitioners because of the potential association with occult spinal dysraphism (OSD). The pooled incidence of OSD in patients with an atypical dimple, as observed in several studies, was significantly higher (8.8%) compared to patients with a ...