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Multilevel models (also known as hierarchical linear models, linear mixed-effect models, mixed models, nested data models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level. [1]
At prediction time, a voting scheme is applied: all K (K − 1) / 2 classifiers are applied to an unseen sample and the class that got the highest number of "+1" predictions gets predicted by the combined classifier. [2]: 339 Like OvR, OvO suffers from ambiguities in that some regions of its input space may receive the same number of votes.
Bayesian hierarchical modelling is a statistical model written in multiple levels (hierarchical form) that estimates the parameters of the posterior distribution using the Bayesian method. [1] The sub-models combine to form the hierarchical model, and Bayes' theorem is used to integrate them with the observed data and account for all the ...
SonicParanoid is an algorithm for the de-novo prediction of orthologous genes among multiple species. [1] It borrows the main idea from InParanoid [2] with substantial changes to the algorithm that drastically reduce the time required for the analysis.
Figure 1. Probabilistic parameters of a hidden Markov model (example) X — states y — possible observations a — state transition probabilities b — output probabilities. In its discrete form, a hidden Markov process can be visualized as a generalization of the urn problem with replacement (where each item from the urn is returned to the original urn before the next step). [7]
Branch prediction attempts to guess whether a conditional jump will be taken or not. Branch target prediction attempts to guess the target of a taken conditional or unconditional jump before it is computed by decoding and executing the instruction itself. Branch prediction and branch target prediction are often combined into the same circuitry.
Later, GLaM [36] demonstrated a language model with 1.2 trillion parameters, each MoE layer using top-2 out of 64 experts. Switch Transformers [21] use top-1 in all MoE layers. The NLLB-200 by Meta AI is a machine translation model for 200 languages. [37] Each MoE layer uses a hierarchical MoE with two levels.
Neighbourhood components analysis is a supervised learning method for classifying multivariate data into distinct classes according to a given distance metric over the data. . Functionally, it serves the same purposes as the K-nearest neighbors algorithm and makes direct use of a related concept termed stochastic nearest neighbo