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A cost estimate is the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation. The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values. A problem with a cost overrun can be avoided with a credible, reliable, and accurate cost estimate. A cost ...
As healthcare demands have increased in the United States due to an aging population, a physician shortage and the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 there has been a shift toward more independence in practice for professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and dental ...
The U.S. Government Accountability Office defines a cost estimate as, "the summation of individual cost elements, using established methods and valid data, to estimate the future costs of a program, based on what is known today", and reports that "realistic cost estimating was imperative when making wise decisions in acquiring new systems". [7]
Economic information regarding the impact of a scribe program has been summarised in a systematic review undertaken by Heaton et al. [27] The cost of training program and training scribes in-house has been reported [28] and there is a multicentre randomised study evaluating the impact of scribes on emergency physician productivity and patient ...
The Duke University Physician Assistant Program was established in 1965 as the first formalized PA program in the United States and graduated its inaugural class in October 1967. In April 1968, the recent graduates of the Duke PA program, along with current students, began organizing a professional organization, incorporating as the "American ...
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data.
In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished. [1] For example, the sample mean is a commonly used estimator of the population mean. There are point and interval ...
This results in an approximately-unbiased estimator for the variance of the sample mean. [48] This means that samples taken from the bootstrap distribution will have a variance which is, on average, equal to the variance of the total population. Histograms of the bootstrap distribution and the smooth bootstrap distribution appear below.