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Lacking any viable heir, the Empire's political leaders saw no reason to defend the monarchy. After a 58-year reign, on 15 November 1889 the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'état led by a clique of military leaders whose goal was the formation of a republic headed by a dictator, forming the First Brazilian Republic.
The First Reign was the period of Brazilian history in which Pedro I ruled Brazil as Emperor. It began on September 7, 1822, when Brazil's independence was proclaimed, and ended on April 7, 1831, when Pedro I abdicated the Brazilian throne.
The diplomatic victory over the British Empire and the military victory over Uruguay in 1865, followed by the successful conclusion of the war with Paraguay in 1870, marked the beginning of the "golden age" of the Brazilian Empire. [190] The Brazilian economy grew rapidly; railroad, shipping and other modernization projects were started ...
The Brazilian government at first perceived the secession attempt as a minor uprising. It took months before a greater threat posed by the involvement of the United Provinces, which expected to annex Cisplatina, caused serious concern. In retaliation, the Empire declared war in December, triggering the Cisplatine War. [114]
The Imperial Constitution of 1824 was the one that for the longest time was in the history of Brazil, between 1824 and 1889. Politics of the Empire of Brazil took place in a framework of a quasi-federal parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Emperor of Brazil was the head of state and nominally head of government although the Prime Minister, called President of the ...
The elaboration of the 1824 Constitution was an exhausting, extensive and very troubled process. Shortly after the proclamation of Brazil's independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, on 7 September 1822, a conflict between radicals and conservatives emerged, which was reflected in the composition of the constituent assembly, installed in 1823.
The Brazilian empire began owning slaves as early as 1759 when it kicked out the Jesuit Catholic order and took over its plantations and thousands of enslaved people.
The so-called Saraiva Law (Portuguese: Lei Saraiva), officially Decree No. 3,029 of 9 January 1881, was the law that reformed the electoral system in the Empire of Brazil, instituting, for the first time, the elector registration in the country, and the direct elections for all elective positions: senators, deputies to the General Assembly, members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies ...