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Those are grouped into 4 steps: system startup, bootloader stage, kernel stage, and init process. [3] When a Linux system is powered up or reset, its processor will execute a specific firmware/program for system initialization, such as the power-on self-test, invoking the reset vector to start a program at a known address in flash/ROM (in ...
An INI file is a configuration file for computer software that consists of plain text with a structure and syntax comprising key–value pairs organized in sections. [1] The name of these configuration files comes from the filename extension INI, short for initialization, used in the MS-DOS operating system which popularized this method of software configuration.
However, new software added to the system may require changes to existing files that risk producing an unbootable system. BSD init was, prior to 4.3BSD, the same as Research UNIX's init; [ 4 ] [ 5 ] in 4.3BSD , it added support for running a windowing system such as X on graphical terminals under the control of /etc/ttys .
In Linux systems, initrd (initial ramdisk) is a scheme for loading a temporary root file system into memory, to be used as part of the Linux startup process. initrd and initramfs (from INITial RAM File System) refer to two different methods of achieving this.
After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.
For other programs, system administrators may be expected to create and modify files by hand using a text editor, which is possible because many are human-editable plain text files. For server processes and operating-system settings, there is often no standard tool, but operating systems may provide their own graphical interfaces such as YaST ...
An option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS.
There are four principal events that cause a process to be created: System initialization. Execution of process creation system call by a running process. A user request to create a new process. Initiation of a batch job. When an operating system is booted, several essential processes are typically initiated to prepare the system for operation.