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Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .
Chemical injury can occur if cleaning solutions such as povidone-iodine (Betadine), chlorhexidine or alcohol are inadvertently spilt into the eye, for example when the face, neck or shoulder is being prepped for surgery. [4] [1] Therefore, the anaesthetist ensures that the eyes are fully closed and remain closed throughout the procedure.
For more than 100 years, clinicians have evaluated the pupils of patients with suspected or known brain injury or impaired consciousness to monitor neurological status and trends, checking for pupil size and reactivity to light. [3] In fact, before the advent of electricity, doctors checked a patient’s reaction to light using a candle.
Head injuries Danny's Triad: Painful urination, testicular pain, diarrhea: Chlamydia Dieulafoy's triad: hyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness and guarding over McBurney's point: Acute appendicitis: Dietl's crisis Renal colic, swelling in loin which disappears after urination Hydronephrosis Fanconi syndrome triad
The Neurological Pupil index, or NPi, is an algorithm developed by NeurOptics, Inc., that removes subjectivity from the pupillary evaluation. A patient's pupil measurement (including variables such as size, latency, constriction velocity, dilation velocity, etc.) is obtained using a pupillometer, and the measurement is compared against a normative model of pupil reaction to light and ...
trauma surgery: penetrating pelvic trauma: bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum Dahlén–Fuchs nodules: Johan Dahlén, Ernst Fuchs: ophthalmology: sympathetic ophthalmia: granulocytic infiltrate of the uvea: Dahl's sign: K.V. Dahl ...
A mydriatic pupil will remain excessively large even in a bright environment. The excitation of the radial fibres of the iris which increases the pupillary aperture is referred to as a mydriasis. More generally, mydriasis also refers to the natural dilation of pupils, for instance in low light conditions or under sympathetic stimulation.
Homonymous hemianopsia can be congenital, but is usually caused by brain injury such as from stroke, trauma, [5] tumors, infection, or following surgery. Vascular and neoplastic (malignant or benign tumours) lesions from the optic tract, to visual cortex can cause a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia. Injury to the right side of the brain ...