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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, [40] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. [41]
For a given epidemic or pandemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics or pandemics are equal, then the smaller the range, the higher the rank. For the historical records of major changes in the world population, see world population. [3]
The World the Plague Made: The Black Death and the Rise of Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-21566-2. Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (2004). The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85115-943-0. Byrne, Joseph P. (16 January 2012). Encyclopedia of the Black Death. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy: first evidence of plague victims from 14th-century Liguria (northern Italy) maps by O.J. Benedictow. Author Flappiefh
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 December 2024. Disease caused by Yersinia pestis bacterium This article is about the disease caused by Yersinia pestis. For other uses, see Plague. Medical condition Plague Yersinia pestis seen at 200× magnification with a fluorescent label. Specialty Infectious disease Symptoms Fever, weakness ...
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.
The Black Death in Paris has been described in the famous chronicle of the Carmelite Jean de Venette, who resided at the Saint-Denis Abbey in Île-de-France, located outside of Paris. At the time, Paris was the biggest city in Europe, with a population between 80,000–200,000 people. [ 9 ]