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High-quality hydrochloric acid is used in the regeneration of ion exchange resins. Cation exchange is widely used to remove ions such as Na + and Ca 2+ from aqueous solutions, producing demineralized water. The acid is used to rinse the cations from the resins. [25] Na + is replaced with H + and Ca 2+ with 2 H +.
For example, hydrochloric acid is a weak acid in solution in pure acetic acid, HO 2 CCH 3, which is more acidic than water. HO 2 CCH 3 + HCl ⇌ (HO) 2 CCH + 3 + Cl −. The extent of ionization of the hydrohalic acids decreases in the order HI > HBr > HCl. Acetic acid is said to be a differentiating solvent for the three acids, while water is ...
Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can be generated in an HCl generator by dehydrating hydrochloric acid with either sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Alternatively, HCl can be generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: [17] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl↑. This reaction occurs at room ...
A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one in pH is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.
[69] [70] Buffering is an essential part of acid base physiology including acid–base homeostasis, [71] and is key to understanding disorders such as acid–base disorder. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] [ 74 ] The isoelectric point of a given molecule is a function of its p K values, so different molecules have different isoelectric points.
Another method for producing small amounts of chlorine gas in a lab is by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (typically about 5M) to sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorate solution. Potassium permanganate can be used to generate chlorine gas when concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to it: 2KMn04 + 16HCl —> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2
Acidic drain cleaners usually contain sulfuric acid at high concentrations. [1] It can dissolve cellulose, proteins like hair, and fats via acid hydrolysis. While there are many methods for unclogging drains, one of the most effective solutions is using hydrochloric acid (HCl), a powerful chemical cleaner. [2]
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
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