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Dit and the feminine form dite translate as "called" and are the past participle of the French word dire, "to say". A name such as Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau can translate as "Adolphe Guillet, called Tourangeau", where both "Guillet" and "Tourangeau" are used as surnames, sometimes together and sometimes individually in different situations ...
The past participle is used to form the compound pasts (e.g. ho lavorato, avevo lavorato, ebbi lavorato, avrò lavorato). Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, but there are many verbs with an irregular past participle. verbs in -are add -ato to the stem: parlato, amato; some verbs in -ere add -uto to the stem: creduto;
Past = conditional of avere/essere + past participle As the table shows, verbs each take their own root from their class of verb: -are becomes - er -, - ere becomes - er -, and - ire becomes - ir -, the same roots as used in the future indicative tense.
The past participle forms the perfect aspect with the auxiliary verb have: The chicken has eaten. 5. The past participle is used to form passive voice: The chicken was eaten. Such passive participles can appear in an adjectival phrase: The chicken eaten by the children was contaminated. Adverbially:
The word ditto comes from the Tuscan language, [7] where it is the past participle of the verb dire (to say), with the meaning of "said", as in the locution "the said story". The first recorded use of ditto with this meaning in English occurs in 1625. [7]
A new past tense was also created in the modern languages to replace or complement the aorist and imperfect, using a periphrastic combination of the copula and the so-called "l-participle", originally a deverbal adjective. In many languages today, the copula was dropped in this formation, turning the participle itself into the past tense.
The preterite and past participle forms of irregular verbs follow certain patterns. These include ending in -t (e.g. build, bend, send), stem changes (whether it is a vowel, such as in sit, win or hold, or a consonant, such as in teach and seek, that changes), or adding the [n] suffix to the past participle form (e.g. drive, show, rise ...
The verb aller also constructs its past participle and simple past differently, according to the endings for -er verbs. A feature with these verbs is the competition between the SUBJ stem and the 1P stem to control the first and second plural present subjunctive, the imperative and the present participle, in ways that vary from verb to verb.