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  2. Instrumental and value-rational action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    "Instrumental" and "value-rational action" are terms scholars use to identify two kinds of behavior that humans can engage in. Scholars call using means that "work" as tools, instrumental action, and pursuing ends that are "right" as legitimate ends, value-rational action.

  3. Instrumental and value rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    (1) instrumentally rational (zweckrational), that is, determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment and of other human beings; these expectations are used as "conditions" or "means" for the attainment of the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends; (2) value-rational (wertrational), that is, determined ...

  4. Rational choice model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_model

    The rational choice model, also called rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour. [1] The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be traced back to the political economist and philosopher Adam Smith . [ 2 ]

  5. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    This has led to disputes in psychology over whether researchers should (only) use standard rules of logic, probability theory and statistics, or rational choice theory as norms of good reasoning. Opponents of this view, such as Gerd Gigerenzer, favor a conception of bounded rationality, especially for tasks under high uncertainty. [96]

  6. Communicative rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_rationality

    According to Habermas, the "substantive" (i.e. formally and semantically integrated) rationality that characterized pre-modern worldviews has, since modern times, been emptied of its content and divided into three purely "formal" realms: (1) cognitive-instrumental reason; (2) moral-practical reason; and (3) aesthetic-expressive reason.

  7. Do Narcissists Know What They’re Doing? Psychologists Share ...

    www.aol.com/narcissists-know-doing-psychologists...

    “However, all theories include some combination of the following factors: biological/genetic influences, where some traits are argued to be inherited, like having a high sensitivity to self-esteem.

  8. 'Dangerous territory': Trump's unsecured calls with world ...

    www.aol.com/dangerous-territory-trumps-unsecured...

    The State Department has been shut out of Donald Trump's calls with world leaders, raising concerns about confusion over U.S. foreign policy.

  9. Theory of basic human values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_basic_human_values

    Circle chart of values in the theory of basic human values [1] The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universal values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human ...