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  2. Instrumental and value rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    (1) instrumentally rational (zweckrational), that is, determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment and of other human beings; these expectations are used as "conditions" or "means" for the attainment of the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends; (2) value-rational (wertrational), that is, determined ...

  3. Instrumental and value-rational action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    "Instrumental" and "value-rational action" are terms scholars use to identify two kinds of behavior that humans can engage in. Scholars call using means that "work" as tools, instrumental action, and pursuing ends that are "right" as legitimate ends, value-rational action.

  4. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    This has led to disputes in psychology over whether researchers should (only) use standard rules of logic, probability theory and statistics, or rational choice theory as norms of good reasoning. Opponents of this view, such as Gerd Gigerenzer, favor a conception of bounded rationality, especially for tasks under high uncertainty. [96]

  5. Instrumental and intrinsic value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_intrinsic...

    Things are deemed to have instrumental value (or extrinsic value [2]) if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic values, by contrast, are understood to be desirable in and of themselves. A tool or appliance, such as a hammer or washing machine, has instrumental value because it helps one pound in a nail or clean clothes, respectively.

  6. Theory of basic human values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_basic_human_values

    Circle chart of values in the theory of basic human values [1] The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universal values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human ...

  7. Value (philosophy and social sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_system

    The study of ethical value is also included in value theory. In addition, values have been studied in various disciplines: anthropology, behavioral economics, business ethics, corporate governance, moral philosophy, political sciences, social psychology, sociology and theology.

  8. Decision-making - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision-making

    Rational decision-making is often grounded on experience and theories that are able to put this approach on solid mathematical grounds so that subjectivity is reduced to a minimum, see e.g. scenario optimization. Rational decision is generally seen as the best or most likely decision to achieve the set goals or outcome. [59]

  9. Psychological Types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Types

    There are eight total combinations of the attitude-type and the function-type; the psychological types. They are categorised as extraverted rational types, extraverted irrational types, introverted rational types, and introverted irrational types. Extraverted rational types judge concepts and situations by what is generally considered to be ...