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A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. [1] A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy ) or advisory (functioning like a large-scale opinion poll ).
In a plebiscite held together with the 1967 Senate election, the people overwhelmingly rejected both questions. This was the only time the government lost. [5] A constitutional convention was elected in 1970, and new constitution was put to a plebiscite in 1973. [7]
The "Yes" won with 68.5%, prolonging Pinochet's term until 1989 and replacing the 1925 Constitution with a new one still used today. The results of this plebiscite have also been questioned by Pinochet's opponents, because of the lack of voters registration. In a historical plebiscite held in 1988, 56% voted to end the military régime. The ...
On November 21, 2024, former Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico, José Aponte, asked the State Electoral Commission (CEE), to count all the ballots of the plebiscite on the status, that were not counted on the day of the general election, including the ones voted by mail. [7]
Unlike the national plebiscite, the division of Agusan province to two provinces, Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur, was approved by the voters. The 1967 Philippine Senate election was also held on this day. While the government lost the plebiscite, the ruling Nacionalista Party won six of the eight seats contested in the election.
In 2011, the Oregon Legislature approved House Bill 2634, legislation making the Citizens' Initiative Review a permanent part of Oregon elections. [40] This marked the first time a legislature has made voter deliberation a formalized part of the election process. The CIR is a benchmark in the initiative reform and public engagement fields.
Semi-direct democracies, in which representatives administer day-to-day governance, but the citizens remain the sovereign, allow for three forms of popular action: referendum (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation. [3]
The U.S. Congress played a more substantial role in the 1993 referendum than it did in the 1967 referendum. In the 1992 election campaign, the PNP candidate for governor urged, and the legislature agreed, that a referendum on status be held “after the U.S. Congress failed to approve” status legislation.