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Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8 ...
Saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds. They have the formula CH 3 (CH 2) n COOH, for different n. An important saturated fatty acid is stearic acid (n = 16), which when neutralized with sodium hydroxide is the most common form of soap. Arachidic acid, a saturated fatty acid
Stearic acid is a prevalent fatty-acid in nature, found in many animal and vegetable fats, but is usually higher in animal fat than vegetable fat. It has a melting point of 69.4 °C (156.9 °F) °C and a pKa of 4.50. [11] Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow.
A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds between the carbon atoms. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms.
It is a major component of palm oil from the fruit of Elaeis guineensis , making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats. [11] Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at ...
Full hydrogenation of a fat or oil produces a fully saturated fat. However, hydrogenation generally was interrupted before completion, to yield a fat product with specific melting point, hardness, and other properties. Partial hydrogenation turns some of the cis double bonds into trans bonds by an isomerization reaction.
Saturated fats generally have a higher melting point than unsaturated ones with the same molecular weight, and thus are more likely to be solid at room temperature. For example, the animal fats tallow and lard are high in saturated fatty acid content and are solids. Olive and linseed oils on the other hand are unsaturated and liquid.
Myristic acid (IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH 3 (CH 2) 12 COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. The name of the acyl group derived from myristic acid is myristoyl or tetradecanoyl.