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A serial port is a serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out sequentially one bit at a time. [1] This is in contrast to a parallel port , which communicates multiple bits simultaneously in parallel .
The current version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997. The RS-232 standard had been commonly used with serial ports and serial cables. It is still widely used in industrial communication devices.
The USART's synchronous capabilities were primarily intended to support synchronous protocols like IBM's synchronous transmit-receive (STR), binary synchronous communications (BSC), synchronous data link control (SDLC), and the ISO-standard high-level data link control (HDLC) synchronous link-layer protocols, which were used with synchronous voice-frequency modems.
Modern high speed serial interfaces such as PCIe [2] [3] [4] send data several bits at a time using modulation/encoding techniques such as PAM4 which groups 2 bits at a time into a single symbol, and several symbols are still sent one at the time. This replaces PAM2 or non return to zero (NRZ) which only sends one bit at a time, or in other ...
Frequent use of a serial port is for a direct computer-to-computer connection. This requires an adapter called a null modem, which isn't actually a modem in the traditional sense, but rather a connector plug that simply crosses the complementary pins on two serial ports so the two sides can communicate. A null modem typically connects the DTR ...
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a de facto standard (with many variants) for synchronous serial communication, used primarily in embedded systems for short-distance wired communication between integrated circuits.
Management Data Input/Output (MDIO), also known as Serial Management Interface (SMI) or Media Independent Interface Management (MIIM), is a serial bus defined for the Ethernet family of IEEE 802.3 standards for the Media Independent Interface, or MII. The MII connects media access control (MAC) devices with Ethernet physical layer (PHY ...
The Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) [1] [2] is an encapsulation of the Internet Protocol [a] designed to work over serial ports and router connections. It is documented in RFC 1055 . On personal computers, SLIP has largely been replaced by the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is better engineered, has more features, and does not ...