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An adiabatic process (adiabatic from Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos) 'impassable') is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work.
In Euler's original work, the system of equations consisted of the momentum and continuity equations, and thus was underdetermined except in the case of an incompressible flow. An additional equation, which was called the adiabatic condition, was supplied by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1816.
In fluid dynamics, Fanno flow (after Italian engineer Gino Girolamo Fanno) is the adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction is considered. [1] Compressibility effects often come into consideration, although the Fanno flow model certainly also applies to incompressible flow. For this model, the duct area remains ...
Euler equations (fluid dynamics) – Set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow Relativistic Euler equations – generalization of the Euler equations that account for the effects of general relativity Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Mass injection flow (a.k.a. Limbach Flow) refers to inviscid, adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of mass addition is considered. For this model, the duct area remains constant, the flow is assumed to be steady and one-dimensional, and mass is added within the duct.
In this case the equation can be used if the flow speed of the gas is sufficiently below the speed of sound, such that the variation in density of the gas (due to this effect) along each streamline can be ignored. Adiabatic flow at less than Mach 0.3 is generally considered to be slow enough. [15]
Most steady-flow devices operate under adiabatic conditions, and the ideal process for these devices is the isentropic process. The parameter that describes how efficiently a device approximates a corresponding isentropic device is called isentropic or adiabatic efficiency. [12] Isentropic efficiency of turbines:
The above value of 1.4 is highly consistent with the measured adiabatic indices for dry air within a temperature range of 0–200 °C, exhibiting a deviation of only 0.2% (see tabulation above). For a linear triatomic molecule such as CO 2 , there are only 5 degrees of freedom (3 translations and 2 rotations), assuming vibrational modes are not ...