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Sundials and water clocks were first used in ancient Egypt c. 1200 BC and later by the Babylonians, the Greeks and the Chinese. Incense clocks were being used in China by the 6th century. In the medieval period, Islamic water clocks were unrivalled in their sophistication until the mid-14th century.
The smaller models were more practical and very popular as they made timing more discreet. After 1500, the hourglass was not as widespread as it had been. This was due to the development of the mechanical clock, which became more accurate, smaller and cheaper, and made keeping time easier.
In Europe, there were the clocks constructed by Richard of Wallingford in Albans by 1336, and by Giovanni de Dondi in Padua from 1348 to 1364. They no longer exist, but detailed descriptions of their design and construction survive, [ 37 ] [ 38 ] and modern reproductions have been made. [ 38 ]
A glass-fronted studio-based "stunt double" was used for the filming. The clock that was taken as a basis for the design when this came to be filmed (in 1978) in studios in Paris is a Meybaum clock c. 1786, which is actually located in the Strasbourg Museum of Decorative Arts. It was lent to United Artists to serve as the basis for the mock-up.
Eardley Norton, a most highly esteemed member of the Clockmakers' Company, was working between 1762 and 1794. There are clocks by him in the Royal Collection and many museums worldwide. Norton made an astronomical clock for George III which still stands in Buckingham Palace.
11th century - Sets of hourglasses were maintained by ship's pages to mark the progress of a ship during its voyage; 11th century - Large town clocks were used in Europe to display local time, maintained by hand; 1335 - First known mechanical clock, in Milan; 1502 - Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch
A wooden clock face with a white background and colourfully painted motif decorated the Black Forest clocks during the whole of the 19th century. With a colourless, protective varnish the clock faces were resistant to moisture and dirt. From the second half of the 18th century, the varnished plate clock (Lackschilduhr) dominated the European ...
The clocks are protected from the vagaries of air currents by a glass dome. Clocks of this style were first made by Anton Harder around 1880, [1] and they are also known as 400-day or anniversary clocks because many can run for an entire year on a single winding.