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For very simple problems, say a function of two variables subject to a single equality constraint, it is most practical to apply the method of substitution. [4] The idea is to substitute the constraint into the objective function to create a composite function that incorporates the effect of the constraint.
In mathematical optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a strategy for finding the local maxima and minima of a function subject to equation constraints (i.e., subject to the condition that one or more equations have to be satisfied exactly by the chosen values of the variables). [1] It is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis ...
This constraint is written in standard form by defining a new penalty function y(t) = a(t) − b(t). The above problem seeks to minimize the time average of an abstract penalty function p'(t)'. This can be used to maximize the time average of some desirable reward function r(t) by defining p(t) = −r('t).
Consider the following nonlinear optimization problem in standard form: . minimize () subject to (),() =where is the optimization variable chosen from a convex subset of , is the objective or utility function, (=, …,) are the inequality constraint functions and (=, …,) are the equality constraint functions.
minimize f(x) subject to x ≤ b. where b is some constant. If one wishes to remove the inequality constraint, the problem can be reformulated as minimize f(x) + c(x), where c(x) = ∞ if x > b, and zero otherwise. This problem is equivalent to the first.
A step of the Frank–Wolfe algorithm Initialization: Let , and let be any point in . Step 1. Direction-finding subproblem: Find solving Minimize () Subject to (Interpretation: Minimize the linear approximation of the problem given by the first-order Taylor approximation of around constrained to stay within .)
where ƒ is the function to be minimized, the inequality constraints and the equality constraints, and where, respectively, , and are the indices sets of inactive, active and equality constraints and is an optimal solution of , then there exists a non-zero vector = [,,, …,] such that:
g i (x) ≤ 0 are called inequality constraints; h j (x) = 0 are called equality constraints, and; m ≥ 0 and p ≥ 0. If m = p = 0, the problem is an unconstrained optimization problem. By convention, the standard form defines a minimization problem. A maximization problem can be treated by negating the objective function.