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Types of faulting. Anderson's theory of faulting, devised by Ernest Masson Anderson in 1905, is a way of classifying geological faults by use of principal stress. [1] [2] A fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when rocks break under extreme stress. [3] Movement of rock along the fracture occurs in faults.
Anderson's theory of faulting; Aseismic creep; Fault block – Large blocks of rock created by tectonic and localized stresses in Earth's crust; Fault scarp – Small vertical offset on the ground surface; Joint – Type of fracture in rock; Mitigation of seismic motion; Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of ...
Ernest Masson Anderson FRSE FGS (1877–1960) was a Scottish geologist. Ernest was born in Falkirk and educated at Falkirk High School and the High School of Dundee before attending the University of Edinburgh , where he received a B.Sc. in 1897, an M.A. in mathematics and natural philosophy in 1898, and a D.Sc. in 1933.
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Low angle normal faulting is not explained by [[Anderson's theory of faulting|Andersonian fault mechanics]]. [8] However, slip on low angle normal faults could be facilitated by fluid pressure, as well as by weakness of minerals in wall rocks. Detachment faults may also initiate on reactivated thrust fault surfaces. [7]
In geology, the elastic-rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. As the Earth's crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress .
The engineering design process, also known as the engineering method, is a common series of steps that engineers use in creating functional products and processes. The process is highly iterative – parts of the process often need to be repeated many times before another can be entered – though the part(s) that get iterated and the number of such cycles in any given project may vary.
A fault scarp is a small step-like offset of the ground surface in which one side of a fault has shifted vertically in relation to the other. [1] [2] The topographic expression of fault scarps results from the differential erosion of rocks of contrasting resistance and the displacement of land surface by movement along the fault.