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The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.
Consequently, the wave equation is approximated in the SVEA as: + = . It is convenient to choose k 0 and ω 0 such that they satisfy the dispersion relation: = . This gives the following approximation to the wave equation, as a result of the slowly varying envelope approximation:
The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile.
The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum. It is a three-dimensional form of the wave equation. The homogeneous form of the equation, written in terms of either the electric field E or the magnetic field B, takes the form:
The solution of the above equation is given by the formula: (,) = ((+) + ()) + + + + (,). If g ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle g(x)=0} , the first part disappears, if h ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle h(x)=0} , the second part disappears, and if f ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x)=0} , the third part disappears from the solution, since integrating the 0-function ...
In mathematical physics, the wave maps equation is a geometric wave equation that solves D α ∂ α u = 0 {\displaystyle D^{\alpha }\partial _{\alpha }u=0} where D {\displaystyle D} is a connection .
The Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation detailing electromagnetic interactions. Dirac waves accounted for the fine details of the hydrogen spectrum in a completely rigorous way. The wave equation also implied the existence of a new form of matter, antimatter, previously unsuspected and unobserved and which was experimentally confirmed.
A one-way wave equation is a first-order partial differential equation describing one wave traveling in a direction defined by the vector wave velocity. It contrasts with the second-order two-way wave equation describing a standing wavefield resulting from superposition of two waves in opposite directions (using the squared scalar wave velocity).