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Water-powered automatic castle clock of Al-Jazari, 12th century. The most sophisticated water-powered astronomical clock was Al-Jazari's castle clock, considered by some to be an early example of a programmable analog computer, in 1206. [41] It was a complex device that was about 11 feet (3.4 m) high, and had multiple functions alongside ...
Devices and methods for keeping time have gradually improved through a series of new inventions, starting with measuring time by continuous processes, such as the flow of liquid in water clocks, to mechanical clocks, and eventually repetitive, oscillatory processes, such as the swing of pendulums. Oscillating timekeepers are used in modern ...
These included geared clocks and a portable water-powered scribe clock, which was a meter high and half a meter wide. The scribe with his pen was synonymous to the hour hand of a modern clock. [34] [59] Al-Jazari's famous water-powered scribe clock was reconstructed successfully at the Science Museum, London in 1976.
The verge escapement mechanism appeared during the surge of true mechanical clock development, which did not need any kind of fluid power, like water or mercury, to work. These mechanical clocks were intended for two main purposes: for signalling and notification (e.g., the timing of services and public events) and for modeling the solar system.
c. 3500 BC - Egyptian obelisks are among the earliest shadow clocks. [1] c. 1500 BC - The oldest of all known sundials, dating back to the 19th Dynasty. [2] c. 500 BC - A shadow clock is developed similar in shape to a bent T-square. [3] 3rd century BC - Berossos invents the hemispherical sundial. [4] 270 BCE - Ctesibius builds a water clock.
The elephant clock in a manuscript by Al-Jazari (1206 AD) from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. [1] The elephant clock was a model of water clock invented by the medieval Islamic engineer Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206). Its design was detailed in his book, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices.
Numerous water-powered automata were built by Ktesibios, a Greek inventor and the first head of the Great Library of Alexandria; for example, he "used water to sound a whistle and make a model owl move. He had invented the world's first 'cuckoo clock ' ".
In addition to being a mechanical engineer and government official, Lingzan was also an active scholar and artist. He wrote The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities ( Chinese : 五星二十八宿神形 ; pinyin : wǔxīng èrshíbāxiù shénxíng ), of which a Song dynasty copy resides in the collection of the Osaka City Art Museum.
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