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In 1862, Abraham Lincoln created the Greenbacks, a currency of free money issued by the United States of America between 1861 and 1865. The currency was not based in gold and was not created by private banks. [1] Greenbacks were paper currency (printed in green on the back) issued by the United States during the American Civil War.
They were in two forms: Demand Notes, issued in 1861–1862, [1] and United States Notes, issued in 1862–1865. [2] A form of fiat money, the notes were legal tender for most purposes and carried varying promises of eventual payment in coin but were not backed by existing gold or silver reserves. [3]
A Demand Note is a type of United States paper money that was issued from August 1861 to April 1862 during the American Civil War in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 US$. Demand Notes were the first issue of paper money by the United States that achieved wide circulation.
Greenback (1860s money), a fiat currency issued during the American Civil War United States Note , paper money issued from 1862 to 1971 Greenback, a nickname used for the United States dollar in the financial press in other countries
These banks could issue bank notes against specie (gold and silver coins) and the states regulated the reserve requirements, interest rates for loans and deposits, the necessary capital ratio etc. Free banking spread rapidly to other states, and from 1840 to 1863 all banking business was done by state-chartered institutions.
Small size notes were only made in denominations of $1, $5 and $10. The small notes were made with a blue seal, except for notes made as an emergency issue for American soldiers in North Africa during World War II, which were made with a yellow seal, as well as a $1 note made for use only in Hawaii during World War II, which had a brown seal.
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The earliest (1861) federal banknotes included high-denomination notes such as three-year interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861. [8] In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates.